interational writing experts
The Role of International Writing Experts in Academic and Professional Settings
In this chapter, we explore how writing experts shape the academic and professional outcomes of English learners in a globalized society. We explore who international writing experts are, what values inform their teaching, and how they promote the academic success of English learners and exemplify internationally, and second language – L2 – writing instruction principles. Civil society no longer distinguishes between an either-or view of native and non-native speaker language authorities. Instead, society identifies domain-specific language authorities, such as academic writing experts or court language experts. These experts have advanced training and expertise that qualify them to teach even non-native speakers about specialized language patterns. For instance, Hall’s study of Native and Non-Native speakers’ perceptions of Academic Writing Conventions shows that L2 university graduates rated an L2 teacher higher than some native English-speaking writing experts who lack their advanced degree.
A Writing Skills/Expertise of International Writing Experts. English language experts are trained to teach in both academic and professional settings. Their major goal is to advance academic teaching, writing, presentation, and job-search skills. In terms of writing, a writing expert, whether teaching English as a foreign language (TEFL) or teaching English as a second language (TESL), understands the uniqueness of written language compared to spoken language and tries to optimize learning in this area. Writing is much more than just the visible product – words printed or written on paper. The different stages of the writing process and the relative importance of each stage in relation to writing fluency (speed of writing), writing generally have to do with fluency and coherence.
What are some key distinguishable skill sets or expertise of international writing experts? Aside from teaching English to those who do not have English as their first language in an academic setting, international writing experts also engage in other areas, such as journalism/mass communication, politics, intercultural communication, or speech communication. Some focus on a particular international language – English, while there are others who teach other foreign languages. They have various combinations of unique skills and expertise that determine how others can benefit from them. What are some of the key skills or expertise of different international writing experts, and how does specialist differ? To what extent do they make use of these skills or expertise in helping achieve specific goals in academic, professional, or real-life settings?
Although the language of Sumer, once the domain of a small section of humankind, is now read by only a handful of archaeological linguists, Sumerian administrators, probably of different linguistic backgrounds in a diverse empire, must have communicated with scribes who wrote their day’s work in their unfamiliar language. That script was invented to help rulers track economics and activities across space and over time. The impact of language-difference writing specialists on academic and employment success is clear; it is equally clear that what they do has become a significant feature of the human landscape in a global community.
The second definition of “writing expert” addresses a specific and growing sector of the profession. Linguistic diversity has been a feature of many countries for centuries, but world politics, the outburst of technological events, and the rapid changes in the nature of the labor force and the workplace during the last half of this century are responsible for the dramatic increases in the numbers of people who now interact as citizens, students, employees, and business representatives. Contemporary social landscapes are populated by individuals who read and write in a great variety of more or less standardized languages, although they use them with differing degrees of mastery. Since they do their writing in the academy and in offices, and in the labor market, a need has arisen for specialists to help them improve their written documents, or to write those reams of legal texts and business forms and reports and analyses that have become the daily currency of our era.
A successful international taught postgraduate writing expert has the knowledge and skills to contribute from a wide range of genres, which include academic research, local writing knowledge and content knowledge. This involves creating a major piece of original research in an appropriate form, but also writing a range of academic texts including summaries, reports, essays, responses to texts, annotated bibliographies and other written tasks for other courses in their subject of expertise. In addition, a writing expert also needs to be familiar with research tools, methods and resources, particularly those available in search of and ability to assess the availability of suitable resources and software programs for a range of audiences, integrate extensive reading and research from a variety of genres, and think critically about the requirements for each genre suited to different users.
While the ability to write well in a second language plays a key role in promoting the interests of a diverse student body and enriching the academic culture, international writing experts, who have mastered their academic discipline, professional genre, and second language writing skills, must face many challenges in academic and professional settings as well. Writing experts, who are trained in and are familiar with both the content and form of academic writing, are subject to the same academic standards in research, teaching and publication as any other professor in their field. However, to become a successful professional, an international writing expert must be able to master not only both academic writing and research but also professional genres and standards and to become adept in other aspects of academic and cultural competence.
In Chapter 5, the roles and competencies of IWEs in higher education are presented in detail, leading from the framework first presented in Chapters 1 and 2: ‘Current practices and issues in international writing’. Research on expert second language (L2) writing is used to further develop a discussion of IWE professional skills and global skills education. It also presents the roles and competencies of international students and student writing within an intercultural approach. The chapter then further develops the concept of IWE writing services to discuss dialogue and discourse between IWEs and other teachers. Finally, it further addresses how the development of EMI lecturers (who work as writing teachers) and IWE expertise can be promoted within the Association for Lecturers in English Medium Instruction (ALEM).
In Chapter 4, the scope and methodology of this study provide a mapping of international writing expertise in English-language writing contexts. It presents the development of an original analytic framework, which attempts to capture various dimensions associated with IWE’s work and expertise. A further review of the diverse literature from specific language fields helps in the development of the framework to contextualize the expertise of IWEs across different sites and linguistic repertoires. IWE’s expertise and the sites of their engagement are also presented in the chapter before their unique professional work and roles are given more attention. The chapter concludes by discussing the prospects for recognizing and appreciating the particular skills and perspectives IWEs bring to their teaching, tutoring, and consultancy work.
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