history of the world

history of the world

Exploring the History of the World: A Comprehensive Analysis

1. Introduction to Studying World History

Studying World History requires a lot of interest as well as patience. Reading on one’s part increases comprehension ability which includes memorization, recognition, and understanding. Unavoidably, students will have to memorize, and this is only possible if he reads the material. Most textbooks about World History are written in such a way that they are interesting and smooth to read, so little explanation is given about what is written. But in some cases, even if the student who is reading has an excellent reading skill, he needs a tutor’s explanation, because there are a number of technical terms in History. It greatly helps if he knows some literary conventions and devices that Noah Webster is using to tell his story, so as to appreciate its style and significance. It is our plan, therefore, to talk about World History to our students but first to explain the nature of what we are reading and how we are reading it. In the course of the explanation, some things are bound to be discussed in detail. We hope that in the process of imparting information, students will see how interesting and informative the activity of reading about World History really is.

It is impossible to distinguish exactly where prehistory ends and history begins, but the generally accepted date is about 3000 B.C. when writing was independently developed in Mesopotamia and in Egypt. Mankind is said to be civilized the moment he starts writing history. Writing is the biggest accomplishment of Maqbul Adam’s civilization for ancient civilizations were known to have developed writing systems but they did not last or were only used for a limited time. An overview of the world is included in this study to enable the students to understand the formation and interaction of the different civilizations that inhabit the regions of Europe, Asia, and the Americas. Furthermore, the subject provides answers to the questions of where the society and environment that it is living in came from.

2. Ancient Civilizations and Their Contributions

On the banks of the fertile Tiber River, Rome ruled Central European and Western European. It ever had a population of more than 200 million in over 200 cities, with a network of more than 30,000 km of roads. Every road led to Rome, telling the world the legend of the lion city. Why ancient civilization? Why are we now talking wisely, worshiping the study of the ancient Greek civilization? Its study is so fascinating, so farmers, or even educated people, take the Latin spoken by poetry, tragedy, and the doctrine of nature and so lost? Because the history of ancient civilizations still impresses future generations, each of its small truths, each new archaeological fragment strangely excites enthusiastic people. These practices are common and significant cultural activities of the nations today.

In ancient civilization of Egypt, Thebes is an incredibly sacred city; on the eve of the new crusades, a young man from Thebes, exclusively there fell bones. Rome was born and became a leader in historical and artistic masterpieces. This city of love and religion makes it hard to remember its historical features. Why Thebes? Why Rome? The answer lies in their floral civilization. Ancient Egypt was known as the papyrus civilization because millions of years ago, the Egyptian king of the papyrus spread all over the world. In the vast world of Rome, a city of many sacred shrines, covered hundreds of thousands of temples, generous cultivation, the use of fertilizers to feed the three million people living there.

With more than several thousand years of history, China is one of the world’s oldest civilizations, as well as one of the four great world civilizations. Unlike civilizations in other regions, civilizations in China were virtually unknown to the rest of the world. As a result, ancient China developed as an independent and unique civilization. With a long history, China has accumulated a wonderful history of civilization which has exerted a profound influence on the culture of the whole world. China is undoubtedly a brilliant oriental pearl of world civilization.

3. The Rise and Fall of Empires

The ‘classic’ empire is probably epitomized by that which developed in the Mediterranean region. Many of its essential institutions had begun to form in the age of the early ‘city-states’. The concept of the Mediterranean as an area, a phenomenon, or a region in its own right is clearly derived from history. With the exception of Persia, the other earliest ’empires’ originated and developed around rivers. In the case of the Romans, their empire was at its zenith when they began to contemplate the demarcation of ‘Scotland’ as the northern limit of their hegemony. Their control of the Mediterranean area of the then known world had been forged. Discussing the site and setting of the classic Roman cities typifies both the qualities of empirehood and the link between environment and way of life. How far is this image, based primarily on the Italian Peninsula, a true one?

The word ’empire’ can be a convenient, if slightly misleading, way of describing the political structure of complex, non-feudal states. The sophistication, organizational efficiency, and longevity of empires depended on a wide range of circumstances originating in the geographic, demographic, historical, and social conditions of the entities concerned. The Roman Empire, naturally, forms the starting point for this discussion. But the arbitrary nature of empire is clearly seen in the Inca, the Maya, and the Andean empires of Tiahuanaco and Kolla. At the outset, the term ’empire’ implies the political domination of one people by another, and as such has an element of judgmentalism, of ethnocentrism. The less complex state formations, kingdoms, chiefdoms, city-states, and tribes are not normally, however, regarded as empires even when they expand and fight, organize large societies, and centralize complex processes of administration, economy, social order, and political control.

4. Globalization and Interconnectedness

The modern global economy had roots in earlier centuries. Indeed one could argue that early modern Europe was already “globalized.” The history of global communication usually starts somewhere in the late 15th or early 16th centuries, with a combination of oceanic exploration, fiscal imperatives, missionizing desires, and advances in navigation and mapmaking. This stimulated a burgeoning market for news and mapping. News had biological analogs: pulmonic, state, other centers could attempt by word of mouth, letters, or semaphored systems to manipulate a situation at what cost: caravans were slow, costly, and dangerous. Texts moved from center, capital, or urban cosmopolitan hub outward, again spawned by various kinds of imperatives, curiosity, innovation, or even business acumen. Mass literacy and the rise of the popular press in this period meant that ordinary people’s purchase of news translated directly as demand. are vital for understanding the mechanisms of such communication. In examining the link between media and commerce, two broad routes unfold the standard narrative of communications and early modern globalization.

Arguably, the single most significant technological advancement of the mid-20th century was the advent of air travel. Connecting Europe and America in under a day, long distances that once seemed interminable and unimaginably expensive became manageable and affordable. Does globalization have a history beyond the age of jets, microchips, and the Internet? This issue of interconnectedness is one of the pivotal questions of modern international history. For some historians, the commercial and intellectual openness that defined various premodern periods do indeed bear comparison with the present. Transnational trade and diaspora networks in the early modern period, for example, created cultural and commercial crucibles across Eurasia edges. Innovations tend to leapfrog themselves, and the second era of globalization seems in the scheme of things to be primarily a revolution in transport, with significant implications for production and services.

5. Challenges and Opportunities in Understanding World History

This essay is not the place to defend or critique either specific world historical theses or world history itself. It does, however, make explicit methodological concerns associated with using a chronological model. There remain, of course, other challenges for world history. One may involve changing the specifics of this chronological model that the second essay noted. Given inadequate documentation, both in terms of time and content, timelines in many regions would have to be quite general while presenting only gross approximations. Providing regional abstraction might, however, negate some of the advantages of a chronological structure. In the absence of chronological presentations, for example, even the most insightful regionally-oriented inquiries may leave readers or students with a piecemeal, impressionistic, or inaccurate understanding about the general sweep and tempo that a chronological structure could provide. Similarly, other world historians have preempted regional analyses with their interpretative layers of information. Such interventions have frequently enjoyed only limited success. Nonetheless, the question of whether the temporal format used here, of presentations similar to it, can be tailored to reach a satisfactory compromise regarding documentation availability and regional specificity deserves more attention.

This essay has discussed efforts by historians to create global histories. Using a world historical framework to interpret change and continuity in human history is one of the more exciting developments in modern historiography. As the preceding essay established, however, mixing world history with a chronological approach may be problematic. In the past 500 years, humans have moved to creating a far more global and complex age of interdependence. Still, global forces have often met local resistance. Different cultures have their own distinctive reactions to (and are differentially affected by) transnational events such as American colonization of the Philippines, the double atom bombings in World War II, the AIDS epidemic, the 1997-1998 financial collapse in East Asia, the coming and going of World Communism or Western colonialism, or the decline of the Soviet Union without its disintegration. During the sweep and tempo of the past half-millennium, greater trans-territorial interactions have been a partial result of a range of factors, including religious considerations, technological breakthroughs, or capitalism.