history channel
Unveiling the Evolution of the History Channel: From Documentary Programming to Pop Culture Phenomenon
Yet surprisingly little has been written about the History Channel in the journal literature, or indeed in any form of scholarly inquiry. The editor of a leading textbook on the practice of historical documentary in Canada has openly stated his surprise at the complete absence of scholarly writing regarding the History Channel. The lack of scholarly attention has been found as widespread as the History Channel in the United Kingdom, Asia, or the United States. What information that can be found within the scarce pages of journal scholarship is largely centered within scholarly book chapters or edited volumes, mainly focused on United States historical documentaries. Although some of the chapters in this work describe how North American teachers have used the History Channel as classroom aids.
In an information-rich age marked by growing concerns over historical authenticity and accuracy, historical documentaries have twinned usefulness with appeal. The History Channel has gained global fame as the proponent of historical documentaries. It is this historical channel rather than something like a newsreel or a feature film that generates mainstream student interest regarding the Vietnam conflict. There is a growing consensus that such documentaries have found an increasingly receptive and inquisitive audience base among both history researchers and popular culture aficionados.
Premiere’s strategy had to go beyond simply the making of history clips into adding value for subscribers by organizing the clip library into shows in ways for which there would otherwise be no economic justification. To succeed in moving from point sources of distinction in the company’s library to the library contents simply requires competent administration skills and the development of a business model whose components are well executed. The model was built around increasing usage of the history clip galleries so that the acquisition cost was amortized. Since the history programming did not employ writers, actors, or scenery, the principal costs were $20,000-$50,000 per hour for transfer, video effects, and mini-documentary production. After the creation of the mini-documentaries, a company could develop channels of special interests, allowing customers to pay for what they liked rather than having to have a generic historical documentary channel.
As the title implies, History Channel began with an emphasis on documentary programming that was focused on American history. There were significant financial considerations in this strategy. First, historical programming was cheaper than other programming. Actors, screenwriters, and distinctive scenic design and locations were expensive, and the footage often required photo or other artistic intervention. The history network would have none of these costly items. Simple linear editing, narrated mini-features of authentic historical events, and a brief interlude featuring the company’s logo before moving on to the next mini-feature was typical of the History Channel’s early programming. Initially then, the history cable service explicitly transferred the points of distinction from which television and film companies made their money. The whole rationale of the new service was to say, “This is history you are about to see; expensive but valuable historical footage is an entirely different kind of benefit.”
Beyond the mere nonfictional nature of documentary television, cultural studies of The History Channel’s contributions to documentary television include the inclusion of genres that blur the line between audience perception and program production; making subcultural impressions, involving ritual performance and consumption from the targeted male demographic; and heavily promoting DVD sales, as part of its impact on popular culture. Further, using the popular series ‘The Lost World’ as an exemplar, the influencing impact of documentaries may present differing topics to the general public as opposed to the academic audience. Other significant audience draws include the inclusion of science fiction programming ‘History’s Mysteries’ in attracting public attention and the network’s exploitation of populist tastes appealing to amateur interest in historical topics.
The prominence of reality programming, as addressed through the birth of The History Channel, reflects the ongoing debate within the field of popular culture studies over what constitutes documentary programming. In fact, reality documentary programming has long held production status, reaching across a variety of production companies and networks. Further, The History Channel’s impact has consistently addressed the varied and evolving topics within the greater reality programming market, including how documentary audiences may impact the status of television cultures. Additionally, examining public representation of The History Channel, in addition to insights provided through ritual behavior, reveals the channel’s influence extends significantly beyond the television screen into public consciousness.
From the simple to the complex fact boundaries of audience engagement opportunities with digital convergence, information technologies present the range of new opportunities. Some of these may provide potential for the History Channel as much as social or business media. As digital media is becoming increasingly important for the established position and gaining of a new position, it’s easy to see precisely where we should have our foot in the door to benefit from all of these and still more rapidly evolving opportunities. Understanding the historical context of the channel demonstrates that what’s needed most of all is a strong game plan to thrive.
In summary, the challenges posed by the digital age are many and significant. However, they also provide opportunities. The History Channel can survive and thrive in the digital age by maximizing the opportunities and confronting the challenges. Changes should occur at all levels: marketing, distribution, content, company decisions, and more. Although other types of programming may have been embraced and the association with the “The War to End All Wars” may not have borne out, these changes could make the channel more popular and relevant than ever.
While historians have often been leery of the History Channel, it cannot be denied that, whether liked by all or not, the channel has given voice to academic concerns and widened exposure for a field that often takes a back seat to other areas of academic interest. Finally, the History Channel is also relevant from an industry point of view as the media industry is subject to rapid change and the rise of digital online platforms, such as Netflix, produce and distribute historical content. Some argue that the history commercial motives ultimately open a backdoor to the inner sanctums of academia. The increased interest in history has already produced a number of publications discussing the influence and reach of the History Channel.
In conclusion, the History Channel’s metamorphosis is a sign of an evolution in what it means to be educated and intellectual. As America became increasingly suburbanized, popular culture was moving into the inner sanctum of the ivory tower and making a dent. The undeniable and enduring popularity of the History Channel testifies to the notion of everyday or popular history—history practiced by everyday folks talking to everyday folks. It has changed the channel in terms of what it means to study and think about the past. Few channels have overcome the initial problem of irrelevance related to the relevant historical world or even the academic intelligentsia. The History Channel, by appropriating the DVD format, has linked itself irreparably to the noble pursuit of the past in ways no other similar platform has.
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