dissertation help service criminology

dissertation help service criminology

Dissertation help service in criminology

1. Introduction

Criminology is a growing academic field that offers students a clear career path in law enforcement, criminal justice, and forensic sciences. While one can easily find numerous criminology topics online, deciding on which one to compile into an interesting essay can be a challenge. Not all research is equally useful, so do not confuse ‘research’ with ‘topic’. Once you have decided on a research area/topic, you must study past and current research. The purpose of your research is to gather information on the dynamics of your chosen area of study. This includes understanding why a problem may exist or a chance will occur, what is likely to cause it, when is it likely to happen, and what are the consequences. Not all of these questions will be answered, as some may not be relevant, but your job is to gather as much information as possible necessary to adequately answer the questions that are relevant. The ultimate goal of research is to develop and test a theory. Your research is the means to achieving this theory, so ensure that your topic is feasible and that it lies within your plans for the future. Bear in mind that research is an opportunity to further a career, so giving the area of criminology a new perspective or function will increase your chances of finding resources to conduct your research.

2. Literature Review

Several researches have been conducted to study the knowledge, attitudes, beliefs, and behavior towards the use of tobacco, alcohol, and drugs. Such researches have been conducted all over the world, in different cultures and social contexts. There have been plenty of studies in developed countries, but the studies in developing countries are limited. A cross-cultural study was conducted in Hong Kong and the USA by Hu, P et al (2012) to compare the Chinese-Americans in the USA and the Hong Kong Chinese on their attitudes and use of anti-tobacco anti-smoking. This study is related to the current research topic. A qualitative study was conducted in Goa, Jad, D. R, and Mujawar, N. S, (2011) to study the perception of alcohol use among adults in rural and urban areas. These behaviors maintain a similarity in the underground behavior of the police force in Goa.

Literature review is an essential part of a research study. It helps in developing a context of the study to provide familiarity with the set of beliefs, values, understandings, and practices about a particular topic. It provides a framework for understanding and interpreting the results and proves to be an important part of the research study. It can provide a historical perspective on a certain topic and gives an indication of how a particular work has altered the understanding of a topic (Machi, LA. & McEvoy, BT., 2009).

3. Methodology

The study has a primarily inductive purpose. This allows it to remain open to different influences and insights throughout the research process. As a form of action research, it aims to solve the immediate problem at hand as well as looking for ways to improve the situation in the future. The study will be relevant for those involved in the management of security and risk, or for those employees who have a policing or criminology background and are interested in moving the security field. An explorative approach allows flexibility in the methods employed. This is a positive attribute for the research, given the lack of precedence in this particular field, it is unlikely that deduction would be as or more effective.

Research is a structured enquiry that utilizes acceptable scientific methodology to solve problems and create new knowledge that is reliable and valid. It involves specific dimensions that can be identified, measured and analyzed such as constructing concepts, as well as discovering and describing phenomena (Marshall and Rossman, 1989). The methodology outlined in the following chapters reflects the design of the research and the consequent data collection and analysis techniques. The study is an initial exploration of the possible link between the corporate world and the field of security and policing. It provides the platform for further investigation and an opportunity to add to the body of knowledge in an area that has not received a great deal of attention in the past.

4. Findings and Analysis

Data was collected from the statistics departments of Southwark, Lambeth, and Merton and from the British Crime Survey to allow a comparison of how the public and the police perceive crime and anti-social behavior to ensure the results were dependable. The results show variation between all three boroughs in the levels and types of crime and anti-social behavior, and also show that the police and employers are not well-synchronized in Southwark and Merton. Crimes per thousand population in Lambeth and Southwark were very similar, unlike Merton which was considerably less. ASBO’s follow the same pattern with Southwark having the highest rate, although the highest perception of crime and anti-social behavior was amongst the public in Southwark. Public perception of crime was equal to or higher than the actual rate in all three boroughs, though it was still higher in Southwark and Merton compared to the rate of crime. These findings will show great contrast in the different boroughs in relation to crime, anti-social behavior, and the public perception of it, and will suggest reasons for this later on in the chapter. Measures of dispersion and the range revealed the data recorded was not too varied, giving a more accurate comparison between the boroughs. The rate of arrest of suspects from their defined ethnic group was compared with the Met figures to see if the police were targeting specific ethnic groups. Data was collected from the 2001 census, thus meaning this could expose limitations between the police and the diverse range of residents that reside within the boroughs. Arrest rates were highest for black Caribbeans in all three boroughs compared to any other ethnic group and were also higher than the Met figure, suggesting that these individuals are being particularly targeted for their actions. Although this data is not significant to immediately suggest discrimination, it will initiate discussion as to why such high rates are seen amongst black Caribbeans and further research will uncover possible reasons for this. The results of the employment survey show that there is a considerable standardization of the police force in Merton compared to the different ethnic minority groups. This can also be indicative as to why the ethnic minority arrest rates in Merton do not particularly stand out compared to the other groups, the police force aiming to arrest suspects who reflect that of the general background of the area. These methods of comparing rates should encourage further research into differential treatment between ethnic groups and the stated reasons for crime and should provide effective material for policy discussions in the relationship between the police and the public.

5. Conclusion and Recommendations

From the research that has been conducted an interesting comparison can be made with the United States and the UK for example, the US employment of private prisons in the federal level resulted in significant increase of federal prisoners housed in private prisons from year 2000. Since the UK still has a small private prison sector, it is documented from the statement in the Queen’s speech in 2011 that the government would seek a more efficient, innovative and effective prison service inviting selected operators to design, build and run a prison at no cost to the public sector concluding a complete cost effective package. This is an area that requires research to track the progress of UK private prisons and compare it with US foreign experiences. This shows that there are many areas for further research and the problems will be on-going for many years whether there is progress in the development of private prisons or attempts to seek better methods of service and cost saving for public prisons. This dissertation topic will not become an outdated topic for quite a while.

An area that has not been covered in-depth but has been highlighted as a serious area for further research is the impact of private prisons in New Zealand and Australia. Due to the trend of increasing private prison projects and immigration detention facilities in Australia since 1998-99 and a major announcement by the New Zealand government in 2010 to privatize prisons although to date, there has been no specific information on the progress or results of the privatization, it is an important area for a country comparison with other countries that have implemented the same and the success and problem areas can be identified.

To conclude, we know that privatization is not a homogenous process and although there are general trends that have been outlined with reference to the management of privatization, and the reasons and growth over the years of private prisons, each country has its own experiences, reasons for doing it and degrees of success and problems from implementing privatization in the prison. It is obvious that the problems with private prisons are a universal problem because there is no perfect model of a private prison. The problems have different impacts and degrees to different individual private prisons or different countries that have implemented privatization.

This dissertation has given a comprehensive account of the development of privatization and trade liberalization of prisons and immigration detention facilities. It has identified the trends from various countries to show a global picture of the development of private prisons and noted the differences between the development of private prisons and privatizing public prisons. There are many recommendations that are possible to make as a result of the analysis that has been carried out.