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Advancements in Green Chemistry: Sustainable Solutions for the Future
This approach to chemistry formed the basis for the current, modern application of green chemistry in which pollution prevention is a central aim. Broadly, the chemical industry and the practice of chemistry are regarded as “many different areas where green chemistry could make a significant contribution”. Principally, green chemistry seeks to reduce or eliminate the use of generation of hazardous substances in all areas of the chemical enterprise: “design, synthesis, production, and application of chemical products.” Moreover, based on EPA’s own observations of the benefits of the 12 principles of green chemistry, the practice of green chemistry seeks to improve the efficiency in resource and energy use at every stage of the life cycle of a product, and seeks to manage the process risks through the “built-in-inherently” nonhazardous characteristics of the pure dress.
This process essay on the advancements in green chemistry is best understood in context. In the 20th century, environmental science was an emerging field seeking to deal with the level of pollution that the industrial revolution had wrought on the world. Problems caused by old, neglected megasites of industry, and pollution sources due to processes like dyeing and bleaching facilities, heavy use of formaldehyde in manufacturing, and the manufacture of dioxins, stem from these events over one hundred years previous. As a response, chemists at the height of the environmental movement proposed that the best way to mitigate pollution was to stop it at its source—rather than spending time and money cleaning it up with after-the-fact “end of the pipe” treatment. This concept was essentially a means by which to integrate concerns for human health, economic values, and the ecosystem. “Green Chemistry” was therefore born as the development of new chemicals, or the evaluation and verification of pre-existing chemicals, not just for their intended effects, but for those they might have on human health and the environment.
The principles and concepts of green chemistry are the foundation for the design of innovative strategies and technologies in green chemistry. Twelve principles were initially introduced in 1998 as a potentially effective approach towards pollution prevention and environmentally benign synthetic chemical alternatives. These principles represent a roadmap for the introduction of measures in the practice of chemical research and production. Researchers and educators in green chemistry cannot hence afford to ignore them. These principles involve a wide variety of activities and protocols dealing with the limited use and generation of hazardous material. Some important and key principles include the prevention of waste generation, atom economy, the use of renewable feedstock, energy efficiency, safer solvents, and the importance of safer chemistry or safer chemical synthesis.
Catalysis and renewable raw materials have been the basis for the development of chemical manufacturing processes under the broad concept of “green chemistry”. The concept of sustainable development, as stated by the World Commission on Environment and Development in “Our Common Future”, has two central concepts: the concept of “needs”, and especially the needs of the world’s poor, which should be given overriding priority, and secondly, the idea of limitations imposed by the state of technology and social organization on lead to the ability of the environment to meet both present and future needs. It refers in particular to the impact of industrial activity, especially the synthetic chemicals used in large quantities, generally produced from non-renewable resources and “improperly discarded” into the environment. The possible consequences of this occurrence are vitally important especially when we are considering human health.
Intensive research has been performed for the application of the principles of green chemistry to the agricultural sector. In the field of agriculture, toxicity, general eco-friendly nature, and consumer safety are key considerations during crop cultivation and its management processes. In the field of agrochemicals, at different stages of crop maintenance, i.e., insect control, disease control, and weed protection, various types of chemicals/drugs are used, amongst which herbicides and pesticides are majorly used. The use of these agents is intended to kill, suppress, or control weeds and pathogens that are considered harmful to agricultural crops and harmful to their productivity. The third sector considered is the manufacturing of various commodities such as plastics, dyes, and lightening agents. In this sector, the use is considering a green synthesis of drugs to replace pollution-causing synthetic processes. In addition to these, green engineering encompasses a range of ways to develop the production of chemicals, either by alternative synthesis pathways or the modification of existing chemical production routes.
The applications of green chemistry transcend barriers in the true essence because of its unified concern for humans and the environment. The application of green chemistry to the pharmaceutical industry is an answer to major health and environmental problems. The pharmaceutical industry generally has not been considered sustainable, perhaps due to its contribution to environmental contamination and challenges to public healthcare. For example, the solvent-free method used in the synthesis of organic molecules since the 20th century and an anhydrous solvent reagent that is more atom-efficient by reducing the waste and hazard during synthesis contribute to improvement in the pharmaceutical industry by bringing down the synthesis cost. These indicators clearly show that the development of sustainable methods using greener technologies allows minimization of environmental impacts, reduction of solvent usage, and circumvention of the generation of waste material that could further reduce the process cost.
Identifying key themes in green chemistry and including successful case studies of processes or policies related to green chemistry can serve as a useful guide that provides a snapshot of what is happening globally. Case studies show real-world application of green chemistry principles, outline the challenges that needed to be addressed, and discuss the key innovations that contributed to a successful result. They are the overarching stories of a project or initiative that to date has proven successful. Case studies are the cornerstone of successful knowledge sharing in business and academia and are a critical component of the Green Chemistry and Sustainable Industrial Technology course. They provide insights into what has worked and why, and what hasn’t worked and why. In an evolving field like green chemistry, with continuous new technological and regulatory developments, sharing such case studies is an opportunity to inform academics, industrialists, and government of the potential for green chemistry in Canada in key business and strategic areas. Finally, the pursuit of green chemistry is not only an issue of ‘solidarity’ against common risks, but also the generation of viable development practices, directly involving industrial strategies and policies and is centered on notions of efficiency and low-cost. If the diffusion of green chemistry is based on successful business strategies, it will socialize green practices. In conclusion, the various cases under consideration are intended to portray a variety of experiences, successes and failures, while focusing on different geographic contexts, business cultures and strategies, and levels of entrepreneurial performances. All these studies are valuable contributors to the knowledge base of the green chemistry landscape and can serve as partially shared and interpretation of successful case studies in Canada in green chemistry and sustainable industrial technology.
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